An ovulation calendar, as the name suggests, is a calendar that is designed to help a woman predict her most fertile date of a month. The calendar is created using some information such as the beginning of last menstrual cycle, length of the menstrual cycle, the length of the luteal phase, and for how many months you want to view the calendar.
Ovulation is a part of a female menstrual cycle where a mature egg is released from the ovarian follicle that travels down the fallopian tube. The egg present in the fallopian tube may or may not meet a sperm to get fertilized. The ovulation process is controlled by a brain region called hypothalamus that sends signals to the anterior lobe and pituitary glands to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
There are different phases of ovulation including periovulatory or follicular phase, ovulatory or ovulation phase, and postovulatory phase or luteal phase.
Periovulatory or follicular phase: During this phase, a layer of cells around the ovum look more mucus like and expand and the uterus lining thickens.
Ovulatory or ovulation phase: This is the phase when ovulation takes place and the eggs are discharged to the fallopian tube. This is considered as the most fertile period of a woman.
Postovulatory phase or luteal phase: This phase is characterized by the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH). Typically, a luteal phase lasts for about 12 to 14 days. In simple words, the luteal phase begins just after ovulation and continues till day 1 of the next period (the first day of the menstrual period).
So, if you and your partner are planning for a baby and want to know the most fertile period for conceiving then ovulation calendar is one of the simplest ways to look at it. For making a calendar, you only need to know the length of your cycle (for example, say, 28 days), beginning of your period (say, Oct 20, 2011), and luteal phase (say, 13 days) then according to your ovulation calendar, the ovulation date for October was on 14th October, and it will be on November 11th the very next month.
There are many free online calculators available on the web where you just need to feed the required data and get the result in no time. You can also make a calendar for 6 moths or a year. This is a great way to know your most fertile period in no time.

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